Heat Stroke vs Heat Exhaustion - Learn the Difference

Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion


Summer heat waves can quickly go from fun to dangerous. Two common heat-related conditions—heat stroke and heat exhaustion—can escalate rapidly if left untreated. Understanding how to differentiate these and get proper emergency care can save lives.

Defining Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion

Both heat stroke and heat exhaustion result from exposure to high temperatures. But there are key differences:

  • Heat stroke is the more severe, life-threatening form marked by dangerously high body temperature and altered mental status.
  • Heat exhaustion causes dizziness, nausea, and fainting, but does not affect brain function or cause extremely high fevers.

Causes and Risk Factors

Heat stroke and heat exhaustion share common triggers. These include:

  • High ambient air temperatures and humidity
  • Strenuous exercise in hot weather
  • Dehydration from inadequate fluid intake
  • Certain medications that inhibit sweating

Those most at risk include infants, elderly, athletes, outdoor workers, and those with chronic conditions.

Recognizing Heat Stroke Symptoms

With heat stroke, the body’s cooling system fails. Core temperature spikes to 103°F (39.4°C) or higher. Other signs include:

  • Altered mental state - confusion, irritability, slurred speech
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Seizures
  • Nausea and vomiting

Without emergency treatment, heat stroke can progress to coma and organ failure. Rapid cooling and medical intervention is critical.

Identifying Heat Exhaustion Symptoms

In heat exhaustion, core temperature rises but not as severely as in heat stroke. Symptoms may include:

  • Heavy sweating with pale, clammy skin
  • Fatigue, weakness or fainting
  • Dizziness, headache, muscle cramps
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Rapid heart rate and breathing

Milder than heat stroke, these signals still warrant medical attention. Rest, fluids, and cooling should be provided.

First Aid Response

Recognizing which condition is present determines the appropriate first aid:

For heat stroke:

  • Call 911 immediately - this is a medical emergency needing hospital care
  • Move the person to a cool area and remove excess clothing
  • Try cooling methods like cool water, fans, ice packs (under arms, neck, groin)
  • Monitor breathing and be prepared to give CPR

For heat exhaustion:

  • Move out of the heat and rest in a cool area
  • Drink fluids like water or electrolyte beverages
  • Take a cool shower, use ice packs, mist the body to lower temperature
  • If symptoms worsen, call 911 or go to emergency room near you.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Medical diagnosis will assess vital signs and symptoms. Tests may include:

  • Body temperature check
  • Blood work to check electrolyte levels
  • Urinalysis for dehydration

Heat stroke treatments may involve:

  • IV fluids and electrolyte replacement
  • Cool water immersion or cooling blankets
  • Medications to reduce fever
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Treatment for associated organ damage or clotting disorders

For heat exhaustion: treatment focuses on hydration, rest, and cooling the body. Severe cases may require IV fluids.

Prevention of Heat Illness

Preventing heat stroke and exhaustion starts with preparation:

  • Drink plenty of non-caffeinated fluids before and during hot weather activity
  • Schedule vigorous exercise in the coolest parts of the day
  • Take frequent rest breaks in the shade or air conditioning
  • Wear light, breathable clothing
  • Avoid alcohol and large meals when heat is expected
  • Monitor local heat alerts and take proper precautions

Being alert to symptoms and getting immediate emergency care for escalating heat illness can save your life. Don't take chances with summer heat - stay informed, stay hydrated, and stay cool.

Location: United States

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